However, in November, 1969, the My Lai Massacre by American troops of between 347 and 504 civilians in a Vietnamese village was exposed, which heightened opposition especially among younger people around the country.

When Nixon was elected in 1968, he promised to end the conflict. Under Johnson, the number of American troops in Vietnam soared from 16,000 when he replaced Kennedy in 1963 to more than 500,000 in 1968 but with no tangible results. Johnson before Richard Nixon took office. The Vietnam War had escalated under Presidents John F. Poster calling for a student strike on May 4, 1970 The student strike of 1970 further affected public opinion at an already socially contentious time over the role of the United States in the Vietnam War. More than 4В million students participated in organized walk-outs at hundreds of universities, colleges and high schools, the largest student strike in the history of the United States at that time. The fatal shootings triggered immediate and massive outrage on campuses around the country. Scheuer and Schroeder were in the crowd of several hundred others who had been observing the proceedings at distances of more than 300 feet from the firing line like most of the observers, they were watching the protest during a break between their classes. Krause and Miller were among the upward of 300 students who gathered to protest the expansion of the Cambodian Campaign, which President Richard Nixon had announced in an April 30 television address one week earlier. Students Allison Beth Krause, 19, Jeffrey Glenn Miller, 20, and Sandra Lee Scheuer, 20, died on the scene, while William Knox Schroeder, 19, was pronounced dead at Robinson Memorial Hospital in nearby Ravenna shortly afterward. Twenty-eight National Guard soldiers fired approximately 67 rounds over a period of 13 seconds, killing four students and wounding nine others, one of whom suffered permanent paralysis.

The incident marked the first time that a student had been killed in an anti-war gathering in United States history. The killings took place during a peace rally opposing the expanding involvement of the Vietnam War into neutral Cambodia by United States military forces as well as protesting the National Guard presence on campus. The Kent State shootings, also known as the May 4 massacre and the Kent State massacre, were the killings of four and wounding of nine other unarmed Kent State University students by the Ohio National Guard on in Kent, Ohio, 40В mi (64В km) south of Cleveland.

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